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Types of Springs: There are many types of springs. Commonly used are compression springs, tension springs, torsion springs, and metal wire molding.
The name and size relationship of various parts of the spring:
(1) Talk about the diameter of the spring wire d: the wire diameter of the spring.
(2) Spring Outer Diameter D: The maximum outer diameter of the spring.
(3) Spring inner diameter D1: The minimum outer diameter of the spring.
(4) Spring diameter D2: The average diameter of the spring. Their calculation formula is: D2=(D+D1)÷2=D1+d=D-d
(5) t: In addition to the support ring, the axial distance between the corresponding points of the adjacent two turns of the spring on the middle diameter becomes the pitch, denoted by t.
(6) Effective circle number n: the number of turns that the spring can maintain at the same pitch.
(7) The number of support rings n2: In order to make the springs work evenly, ensure that the axis is perpendicular to the end surface, and the springs are often tight at both ends. The tight lap only plays a supporting role, called the support ring. Generally 1.5T, 2T, 2.5T, 2T is commonly used.
(8) Total number of laps n1: The sum of the effective laps and the support ring. That is, n1=n+n2.
(9) Freedom High H0: The height of the spring under no external force. Calculated from the equation: H0=nt+(n2-0.5)d=nt+1.5d (when n2=2)
(10) Spring deployment length L: The length of the wire required to wind the spring. L≈n1 (ЛD2)2+n2 (compression spring) L=ЛD2 n+ hook extension length (tension spring)
(11) Spiral direction: There is a left and a right rotation. The common right-handed rotation is used. The drawing does not indicate the general use of right-handed rotation.
The
     The prescribed drawing of the spring:
(1) In the view of the parallel coil spring line, the outline of each circle is drawn as a straight line.
(2) For springs with more than 4 laps of effective laps, draw only 1 to 2 turns at both ends (without support rings). The middle is connected with a dotted line drawn through the center of the spring wire.
(3) In the drawings, when the direction of rotation of the spring is not specified, the spiral spring is drawn as right-handed, and the left-handed spring is also drawn as right-handed, but it should be marked as "left".